CRUDE OIL

                                                     CRUDE OIL:


              Crude oil is the principle source of hydrocarbons. it is a varying mixture of hydrocarbons , ranging from very light gases such as methane and ethane down to very happy products such as furnace oil and asphalt.

            The quality of the crude varies from place to place of origin. crude oil are classified since recent times on the basis of their API gravity and sulphur content. generally the higher the API gravity(or lighter the crude ) the more distillate products it contains and higher is its value.

             Sulphur is a significant factor in the cost of crude oil and it is an impurity. the sulphur content in the petroleum products is restricted under products specifications. processing high sulphur crude means , that the investment and operating cost are high.

             RANGE OF HYDROCARBONS IN A TYPICAL CRUDE:

1.  GAS                                                                             1 TO 4    Carbons
2. Virgin Naphtha/ straight run gasoline                             4 TO 12  Carbons
3. Distillats (Kero-diesel)                                                  10 TO 18 Carbons
4. Gas oil                                                                         14 To 22  Carbons
5. Lube oil distillate                                                         16 TO 26 Carbons
6. Residium (Reduced crude, heavy fuel, asphalt etc...)       26+         Carbons

RANGE OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL:

1. Gases
2. Liquefied petroleum gas -LPG
3. Naphtha
4. Aviation turbine fuel -ATF or ATK
5. Mineral turpentine oil -MTO
6. Kerosene
7. Diesel oils 
8. lube oils(many variables )
9. Furnace/ fuel oil
10. Asphalt
11. Sulphur
12. Wax
13. Coke